Questions 31–36
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Cape Breton Mining in Canada
Early Beginnings and Population Changes
– Mining activity began in the 1720s, when settlers started to extract coal.
– Workers managed to move the first coal from the 31 _______.
– If production was to increase, it depended on the development of the 32 _______.
– More people came to work in the mines every year from the 33 _______.
– The population was reduced in 34 _______. areas as people relocated for work.
Growth of the Industry and Immigration
– Coal production gradually increased throughout the 19th century.
– Eventually, the booming mine accounted for 35 _______. of Canada’s coal supply.
– A wide range of nationalities were represented in the workforce.
– Around 1800, most miners were from 36 _______. , with others from Italy and other European countries.
Questions 37–40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
| advantages | Description | Items |
| provided minimal light but was dangerous and smoky | made by burning animal fat on a stick | Grease torch |
| easy to use but increased risk of fire underground | a simple open flame source placed in a holder near work areas | A 37 _______ in a holder |
| helped reduce the number of underground 39 | a flame lamp with a fitted link secured by a 38 _______ to control air flow | Davy lamp |
| created a strong yellow-white flame called acetylene | contained special material that, when mixed with 40 ______, produced bright light | carbide lamps |
Answers
| Scotland | 36 | cliffs | 31 |
| candle | 37 | transport | 32 |
| lock | 38 | spring | 33 |
| accidents | 39 | rural | 34 |
| water | 40 | 40% | 35 |